1890’s - 1914 Foreign Policy and Domestic Politics 

1. 1890s American expansionism fueled by following causes. (deviation from previous 
     traditions and policies?)
    
A) Closing of the frontier leads industrialists to seek markets and raw
    materials overseas.
B) Missionary urges, desire to spread both Christianity and Anglo-Saxon democratic 
     principles, "divinely commissioned," manifest destiny Josiah Strong - Our Country
C) "National honor,". jingoism, desire to compete with European imperialism to
     strengthen America
D) Outgrowth of Social Darwinism

2. Expansionists -  T. Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge, Albert J. Beverage
    Capt. Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1890

3. 1883-1890s naval expansion

4. Hawaii - Growth of U. S. business interests and immigrant labor resented by Queen 
    Liliuokalani, attempts to oust U.S. influence

5. Sugar grower revolt with help from the Boston

6. Calls for annexation 1893 rejected by Cleveland

7. Annexed in July 1898 during Span-Am War

Spanish American War

8. Spanish colony -Cuba U.S. interests, following reasons:

  A) extensive U.S. investments and trade in sugar cane 
  B) desire for a future naval base to protect a future canal (Cent. Am)
 
9. Tariffs 1890 and 1894 cause Cuban revolution. (1868-78 10 year war)

10. V. Weyler dispatched 1895 uses harsh measures of counterinsurgency.

11. U.S. resentment at Spanish atrocities intervention advocated,
      Spain removes Weyler by 1897

12. Rise of Yellow Press, Wm. R. Hearst NY Journal,  J. Pulitzer, NY World 
      Focus on Cuban affairs (fabrications and exaggerations, Gulf War 1991)

13. Henrique De Lome letter Feb 9, 1898 

14. Battleship Maine explosion Feb. 15, Yellow Press exploitation

15. April 11, war declared, McKinley under political pressure, Ultimatum to Spain (accepted 
      two days too late)

16. April 18, Teller Amendment (sincerity ?) 

17. “Splendid little war” John  Hay  

18. disease outnumbers battle deaths 5000 to 500 . army and navy under preparedness

19. T. Roosevelt asst. secretary navy 	dispatches G. Dewey Hong Kong. .Manila Bay May 1, 
       1898 defeated Spanish Fleet, deal with Emilio Aguinaldo.

20.  L. Wood, Roosevelt, Rough Riders, San Juan and Kettle Hills Cuba

21. Dec. 10, 1898 Paris Peace Treaty. - Cuban independence recognized, Guam, Puerto
      Rico annexed and the Philippines 	taken from Spain for $20 million

22. Debate over treaty (Philippines annexation)

23. Opposed- J. Addams, Cleveland, Gompers, Anti-Imperialist league,
       Dec. of Independence violated

24. Favored - H.C. Lodge, T. Roosevelt, J. Strong, A. T. Mahan

25. Racism argued for and against annexation of the Philippines

26. McKinley's - “Uplift, Civilize, Christianize”  remarks about Germany and Spain

27. Election of 1900 Bryan vs. McKinley (replay of 1896)

28.  L. Wood, Cuba, 1901 Platt Amendment, Guantanamo Bay naval base

29. Philippine insurrection war,  led by Aguinaldo 3 years

Foreign policy towards Asia

30. Open Door notes 1899 following the foreign intrusion into China

31. John Hay- Open Door policy, Philippines as an Asian defense base

32. May 1900 Boxer uprising, I Ho Chuan “Righteous Harmonious Fists”
      Opposed Christians and diplomats besieged in Peking

33. International relief forces arrive and rescue diplomats 

34. Second round of Open Door notes

35. Foreign powers accept $333 million indemnity, U.S. $24, half returned

36. Impact on Chinese revolution 1911 - Sun yat Sen

Progressivism 1901-1917

37.  Political corruption, economic disparity, urban poverty gives rise to grass roots call for 
       reform.

38. Muckrakers -  Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Upton Sinclair, Frank Norris, Jack London, 
      Ray Stannard Baker, know book titles

39. Democracy, efficiency, specialization

40. Frederick Taylor “Taylorism”

Political reform

41. City machines and bosses and ties to industry

42. Commission form and city manager form

43. State government reforms, referendum,  recall, direct primary, initiative

44. Robert Lafollette WI, Wisconsin Idea, brain trust, pioneer of reforms

45. Lochner v. NY 1905, Muller v. Oregon 1908

46. Progressive Amendments: 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th

47. Social legislation: child labor, minimum wage, maximum hours, workman's
       compensation

48. McKinley assassinated 1901 anarchist Czolgosz, T. Roosevelt ascends, age 42 

49. TR personal background family, health career, attitudes, TR view of big business and 
       regulations, good and bad trusts, active federal stewardship,	"Trustbuster"

50. 1904 No. Securities case 44 other 	antitrust suits

51. 1902 Anthracite Coal strike, arbitration, UMW

52. Elkins Act 1903, rebates

53. Hepburn Act 1906, I.C.C.

54. 1906 Pure Food & Drug Act

55. Conservation, national parks, 1901 Newlands Reclamation Act

56. Big stick policy, naval growth, Latin American interventionism,
        
57. Venezuela debt crisis 1902, 1904, Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe
       Doctrine of 1823 led to Latin American resentment 

58. Santo Domingo 1903 debt customs house taken over

59. Central American canal, C1ayton-Bulwer 1850, Hay-Pauncefote 1901

60. F. .de Lesseps, Suez, tries and fails at a Panama canal, terrain, disease 1881-88
        
61. Nicaragua and Panama routes Maritime Canal Co. and old French Co.
      Phillippe . Bunau-Varilla

62. Nicaraguan route cheaper, Bunau-Varilla and Cromwell  lobbying and Mt. Motombo

63. Spooner Amendment 1902

64. Hay-Herran Treaty 1903, Columbia rejects, $10-25 M

65. T. Roosevelt reaction

66. Bunau-Varilla engineers revolution with help from the Nashville 1903

67. Hay-Bunau-Vari1la Treaty 10 miles, $10 M, $250,000

68. 1904-1914, G. W. Goethals chief eng.,  Dr. Wm. Gorgas yellow fever, 

69. Canal policies further Latin American resentment

 Rise of Japan - threat to Open Door policy China, Philippines

70. Sino-Japanese War 1894-95, Korea, Taiwan, 

71. Conflict over Manchuria, 1904-05, Russo-Japanese War, Russian Fleet defeated

72. TR seeks balance of power in the Pacific during the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War
      offers mediation, Treaty of Portsmouth 1905, Japan resents, Nobel prize, strained
      U.S.-Japan relations

73. 1906-07 San Francisco school crisis, TR Gentleman’s Agreement

74.. Great White fleet, world tour Yokohama stop

75. 1908 election Taft vs. Bryan

76.  Dollar Diplomacy under Taft,  Nicaragua 1909-1933, Sandino,  Dom. Rep.

77. TR 1910 begins seeking 1912 Rep. nomination, Despite primary victories for TR, 
      Taft gets Rep. nomination.

78. Progressive Party  (Bull Moose) chooses TR as a third party candidate

79. Democrats - Chooses Woodrow Wilson,  Wilson wins 324-88-8 Electoral votes

80. Wilson wins, "New Freedom"

81. Underwood tariff 1913 with 1st legal income tax

82. FTC 1914

83. Clayton Antitrust Act called the Magna Carta of Labor

84. Keatings-Owen Act 1916

85. Wilson attempts to pursue noninterventionist foreign policy (“Watchful Waiting” towards
      Mexico) eventually however intervenes throughout Central America

86.  Diaz deposed 1911 by Madero, land reform scare American interests, 1913 Huerta kills
       Madero,  Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta, backs Carranza.

87. 1914 American sailors arrested in Tampico, German arms arrive, U.S. occupy, ABC
      Powers meet, Huerta deposed by Carranza, P. Villa raids N.M. 1916, J. J. Pershing