1789 - 1848 New Nation, War of 1812, Era of Good Feelings,
Jacksonian Democracy, Manifest Destiny, Reform Movements 

1. 1st Pres- Washington, VP- J. Adams : 1789 N.Y. City, 1793 Philadelphia
 
2. Cabinet created State- Jefferson, Treasury- A. Hamilton, War- H. Knox 

3. differences between Hamilton and Jefferson and followers lead to first two 
    political parties 

4. Hamilton- Federalists : Jefferson- Democrat-Republicans
 
5. Opposing views: size of Federal  govt. vs. states rights, 
    merchants vs. farmers, laissez faire vs. strong government intervention
    elite rule vs. more democracy, support for Fr. Rev. or Britain
 
6. debate over creating First Bank of the United States, 
    strict & loose construction of Constitution, laissez faire or aid to merchants
    elastic clause. implied powers 

7. Whiskey Tax- 1794 rebellion geographic effect on partisan politics
 
8. 1793 during French Revolution Edmond Genet visit, seeking military assistance 
    Washington proclaims neutrality, leads to strained relations with France

9. Jays Treaty 1794, Great Lakes forts evacuated, British naval interference not settled

10. Pinckney's Treaty 1795, New Orleans Port 3 years. Yazoo strip Florida

11. 1796 presidential election results, 

12. 1797 Washington Farewell Address

13. XYZ affair, Marshall, Gerry , Pinckney, C. Tallyrand, leads to undeclared naval war
      with France 1797 not concluded till the Convention of 1800 with Napoleon

14. Alien & Sedition Acts 1798 partisan political weapon (protest during wartime)

15. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions, state interposition, doctrine of nullification

16. John  Adams, Judiciary Act of 1801, Midnight Judges (Marbury vs. Madison)
 
17. 1800 presidential election results , VP Burr tie with Jefferson

18. change in political philosophy and more casual presidential manner. 
      Cabinet- Madison, Albert Gallatin,

19. 1803 Marbury vs. Madison,  Marshall- Judicial Review 

20. 1800 Napoleon takes Louisiana from Spain, New Orleans port closed

21. Jefferson attempts purchase of city, Livingston & Monroe  $2-10 M 
      Revolt in Haiti - T. L'Overture, Napoleon counter offer $15 M

20.  Jefferson considers pro/con (loose Construction?) 1803 treaty with France

21. Lewis & Clark exploration 1804-6 seeking Missouri River source guide - Sacajawea 
      Zebulon Pike searched for Arkansas and Red Rivers sources 1806 Louisiana 
      western natural boundaries.

War of 1812

22. British & French violate U.S. maritime rights, sailor impressments

23. 1805 battles of Trafalgar and Austerlitz  solidify British and French spheres
      
24. 1807 BR -Orders in Council, FR- Continental System (Berlin & Milan decrees)

25. 1807 Embargo act, 1809 Non-Intercourse Act, 1810 MACONS Bill#2
      Impact on New England opinion and electoral votes in 1812 election

25. BR arming of Native-Americans in the NW territory,  War Hawks in Congress 
      Henry Clay,  John C Calhoun, Daniel Webster, Wm H. Harrison- Tippecanoe 1811

26. American forces under-prepared, most battles losses except for New Orleans
      Andrew Jackson - Jan 1815

27. Treaty of Ghent 1814 Belgium - antebellum status Quo

28. Hartford Convention 1814

29. Francis Scott Key , Fort McHenry MD, White House Burned
 
after effects of the war 

30. Growth in Nationalism- cultural, economic policies, geographic- westward migration

31. 1816 protective tariff, 2nd National Bank chartered (first bank expired 1811)

32. John Marshall court- Fletcher Vs. Peck 1810,  McCulloch vs. MD 1819, Dartmouth
      Vs. Woodward 1819, Gibbens vs. Ogden 1824

33. Elections 1816 and 1820 Monroe - cabinet , JQ Adams, Calhoun, Crawford

34. JQA - defined defended and expanded American territorial interests

35. Rush-Bagot 1817 Great lakes, Convention of 1818, 1818 joint occupation of 
     Oregon with Britain , 

36. Adams-Onis 1819, Jackson in Florida, 

37. Monroe Doctrine  December 1823, G. Canning and B. Rush 

38. Talmadge Amendment to Missouri Statehood. 

39. Missouri Compromise 1820, Maine,  36 degrees 30 minutes ban on slavery La. 
     Territory

40. 1824 elections- 4 candidates -Clay, Jackson, Crawford JQ Adams,
      JQA victory over Jackson despite no clear majority electoral votes 
      House vote, leads to split of  Clay-Corrupt Bargain split of Dem-Rep party 

41. Democrats- Jackson, JC Calhoun, Van Buren, 
     Nat-Rep (later Whigs)- JQA, H. Clay. D. Webster

42. 1828 tariff of Abominations, S.C. -Exposition & Protest (Calhoun) nullification

43. 1828 Jackson election (revolution?), "Jacksonian Democracy,"  political changes:

      A) state local offices elected rather than appointed
      B) relaxed voting qualifications (property and church membership)
      C) presidential electors move from state legislature chosen to popular vote
           “winner take all” plurality of state popular vote, winner of the “several states” 
      D) presidential candidate selection move from caucus to convention method 
      E) political parties move to recruit and appeal to common man voters
      F) spoils system rewarded party workers with patronage (federal employment)

44. Jackson style of strong presidential authority. Spoils system, vetoes, Whig Party 
      name in response to “King Andrew I”

45. Social reforms of 1830’-1840’s (discussed later)

46. Peggy Eaton Affair, Calhoun vs. M. Van Buren, rejection of embassy appointment

47. Crawford letter (about Jackson incursion into Florida 1817
 
48. Calhoun leads S.C. struggle against 1828 tariff,

49. 1832 tariff still too high, nullification implemented S.C., Calhoun resigns Vice Pres.

50. Jackson Force Bill Feb. 1833, Clay Compromise  tariff  Feb. 1833 

51. Clay attempts  early bill to recharter 2nd Nat. Bank 1832, 
      presidential election issue, Jackson vetoes recharter

52. 1832 election Clay - Nat. Rep, Jackson - Democrat, (Dem. -VP Van Buren)  
      Antimason -  Wm. Wirt, first 3rd party candidate 

53. 1834 Whig coalition (party) combines Nat-Rep elements with Jackson haters
       Both sides claim to appeal to common man

54. N. Biddle tightens credit to initiate veto reversal. Leads to Jackson removal of 
     funds to "Pet Banks,"  triggers land speculative boom and inflation 

55. Species Circular- Panic of 1837 effect on Van Buren after 1836 election

56. 1836 election, Van Buren vs. four Whigs 

57. 1840 election Van Buren vs. Wm Henry Harrison "Tippecanoe & Tyler Too" 
      early death of Harrison , Tyler ascends to the presidency. (Tecumseh curse)

58. 1842 Webster-Ashburton treaty British-American jurisdictional disputes, slave trade 
      and boundaries between Canada and the U.S., Aroostook war, Amistad

Manifest Destiny (Westward Expansion)

59. 1820's American migration-Texas, Mexican restrictions defied by Texans

60. revolt 1836, Alamo, San Jacinto, Santa Anna, Sam Houston 

61. annexation delayed 9 years over slave/free state disputes and fear of war 

62. annexed 1845 by joint sessions of Congress (Feb. & Dec.) boundary dispute
      With Mexico over the Rio Grande or Nueces rivers

63. "Manifest Destiny”  fever effect on 1844 presidential election Polk slogans,  
      “54 ’ 40 or fight” and “the reoccupation of Oregon & and the re-annexation of 
      Texas” (slight against JQ Adams, a founder of the Whig Party.)

64. Attempt to settle Texas boundary and buy California fails with rejection of the
     John Slidell mission 

65. Z. Taylor stationed in disputed area between rivers leads to Mexican War 1846-48

66. Lincoln- "Spot Resolution" Thoreau- refusal to pay poll tax to protest the advance
      of slaveocracy "Civil Disobedience" 

67. Winfield Scott takes Mexico City, 1847,  Nicholas. Trist negotiates treaty
     1848 Guadalupe Hidalgo -$ 15 Mill. Mexican Cession, Rio Grande Border Texas

68. discovery of Gold, Sacramento, Calif., John Sutter's Mill Sacramento in 1848,
      49’ers gold rush

69. Election of 1848 Taylor vs. Cass - Squatter Sovereignty, Free Soil Party - Van Buren

Abolitionism - Gradualist vs. immediate emancipators (preachers and publishers)

70. Am ,Colonization Society - southern states, 1820's, creation of Liberia 

71. Wm Lloyd Garrison 1831 The Liberator,  Frederick Douglass- North Star 1847

72  Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman,  Grimke sisters, Theodore D. Weld 

73. Southern arguments defending the "peculiar institution" 

74. 1831 Nat Turner Rebellion triggers Slave Codes throughout the South

75.  1848 Seneca Falls Convention-Eliz. Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott 
       Declaration of Sentiments (links between abolition and women’s rights)